Corrective Justice and Consumer Protection: Analyzing Liability for Hazardous Cosmetic Circulation on Digital Platforms
Keywords:
Consumer Protection, Corrective Justice, E-commerce Liability, Hazardous Cosmetics, Platform ResponsibilityAbstract
The rapid expansion of Indonesia’s cosmetics e-commerce has heightened the circulation of hazardous products, exposing a critical regulatory gray area: digital platforms actively profit from transactions but evade liability through standard exoneration clauses, leaving consumers to bear disproportionate risks in a structurally asymmetric digital ecosystem. This study addresses this legal tension by evaluating the liability chain of online cosmetic distribution through the theoretical lens of corrective justice. Moving beyond conventional contractual frameworks, this research employs a normative legal method with statutory and case-study approaches, specifically analyzing the Madame Gie and Amiraderm incidents. The theoretical novelty lies in conceptualizing corrective justice to establish a shared corrective obligation for platforms, arguing that their failure to exercise timely facilitative oversight, including seller verification and prompt non-compliant listing removal, constitutes actionable negligence. While manufacturers, brand owners, and sellers face strict liability, this paper’s primary scientific contribution is the formulation of an integrated, multi-tier liability model that bridges the gap between administrative compliance and substantive consumer redress. Ultimately, we propose a systemic reform framework, real-time BPOM-platform data integration, to institutionalize corrective justice and restore consumer dignity in the digital marketplace.
Downloads
References
Akbar, Sahda Saraswati, Nadila Safitri, Fadzal Mutaqin, and Muthia Sakti. “Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Owner Skincare Terkait Overclaim Pada Produk Kecantikan.” Forschungsforum Law Journal 2, no. 01 (January 31, 2025): 81–95. https://doi.org/10.35586/flj.v2i1.9889.
Atsar, Abdul, and Rani Apriani. Buku Ajar Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen. Yogyakarta: Deepublish, 2019.
Aulia, Anggun Yesi, and Allan Mustafa Umami. “Peran Bpom Sebagai Penyelenggara Perlindungan Konsumen Terhadap Peredaran Produk Makanan Dan Obat-Obatan Yang Diperdagangkan Dalam Platforrm E-Commerce.” Private Law 4, no. 2 (June 12, 2024): 440–48. https://doi.org/10.29303/prlw.v4i2.4863.
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan. Laporan Pengawasan Kosmetik. Jakarta: BPOM RI, 2024.
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia. “Definisi Kosmetika,” 2025. https://www.pom.go.id.
Busch, Christoph. “The Future of Pre-Contractual Information Duties: From Behavioural Insights to Big Data.” In Research Handbook on EU Consumer and Contract Law. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2016. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781782547372.00018.
Denisa, Adinda Putri, Muhamad Amirulloh, and Helitha Novianty Muchtar. “Sertifikat Keandalan Privasi Sebagai Salah Satu Bentuk Pelindungan Konsumen Di Bidang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik.” Jurnal Rechts Vinding Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional 12, no. 2 (2023). https://doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v12i2.1286.
Dwijaya, Ananda Gymnastiar, and Harmono Harmono. “Construction of Marketplace Responsibility In Consumer Protection of Digital Halal Products In Indonesia.” Jurnal Legisci 3, no. 1 (September 24, 2025): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.62885/legisci.v3i1.898.
Fauzela, Dian Sera. “Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Konsumen Terhadap Produk Kosmetik Yang Mengandung Bahan Berbahaya Dalam Jual Beli Online (E-Commerce).” Inovasi Pembangunan : Jurnal Kelitbangan 11, no. 01 (April 1, 2023): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.35450/jip.v11i01.358.
Febri, Hendra, Edmon Makarim, Suparjo Suparjo, and Tomy Prasetia. “Legal Challenges of Electronic Land Certificates as Credit Collateral: Aligning Land Digitalization and Consumer Protection in Indonesia.” Jambura Law Review 1, no. 2 (2026). https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v1i2.35137.
Firmantoro, Kiki, and Suvinah Suvinah. “Kosmetik Ilegal, Otoritas Pengawasan, Dan Profesi Medis: Kajian Hukum Administrasi Di Indonesia.” HUMANIORUM 3, no. 3 (July 8, 2025): 125–35. https://doi.org/10.37010/hmr.v3i3.133.
Gabriella, Theresia, and Handar Bakhtiar. “Perlindungan Hukum Kepada Konsumen Terkait Peredaran Kosmetik Ilegal.” Jurnal Panorama Hukum 8, no. 1 (July 15, 2023): 17–23. https://doi.org/10.21067/jph.v8i1.8521.
Halim, Abdul. “Tanggung Jawab Penyedia Platform E-Commerce Dalam Melindungi Transaksi Jual Beli Melalui Platform E-Commerce.” Jurnal Notarius 2, no. 1 (2023): 1–10. https://jurnal.umsu.ac.id/index.php/notarius/article/view/15885/9803.
Hamamah, Fatin, and Dimas Pratama Soekarno. “Perlindungan Konsumen Bagi Pembeli Dalam Transaksi Di Platform E-Commerce.” FOCUS: Jurnal of Law 1, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 50–55. https://doi.org/10.47685/focus.v1i2.149.
Howells, Geraint, Iain Ramsay, and Thomas Wilhelmsson. “Consumer Law in Its International Dimension.” In Handbook of Research on International Consumer Law. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849806312.00006.
Ibrahim, Muhammad Yusuf, and Tri Sultan Lesmana. “Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Terhadap Peredaran Kosmetik Tanpa Izin Edar Melalui Jual Beli Online.” FENOMENA 19, no. 02 (November 28, 2024): 221. https://doi.org/10.36841/fenomena.v19i02.5576.
Jusar, Rizkinil, Palmawati Taher, and Inge Dwivismiar. “Tanggungjawab Pelaku Usaha Dan Marketplace Terhadap Pelanggaran Asas Itikad Baik Dalam Transaksi E-Commerce.” Sultan Jurisprudence: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 62. https://doi.org/10.51825/sjp.v3i1.19234.
Laudon, Kenneth C., and Carol Guercio Traver. E-Commerce 2016: Business, Technology, Society. New Jersey: Pearson, 2016.
Maharani, Resna Pratiwi. “Tanggung Jawab Penyelenggara Transaksi Elektronik Dalam Melindungi Hak Konsumen.” SUPREMASI Jurnal Hukum 1, no. 1 (October 22, 2018): 73–86. https://doi.org/10.36441/supremasi.v1i1.158.
Muthoifin, Muthoifin, Mariam Elbanna, and Ishmah Afiyah. “Legal Oversight in Digital Marketplaces: A Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Literature Review of Research Trends and Gaps.” Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi 9, no. 1 (June 7, 2026): 145–74. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v9i1.15587.
Noviani Putri, Restia, and Sahruddin Sahruddin. “Perlindungan Konsumen Terhadap Peredaran Kosmetik Yang Tidak Mencantumkan BPOM.” Private Law 2, no. 3 (October 7, 2022): 721–29. https://doi.org/10.29303/prlw.v2i3.1569.
Oktaviani, Diva Fitaloka, Ibnu Elmi A S Pelu, Baihaki Baihaki, and Muhammad Amin. “Pengawasan Peredaran Kosmetik Tanpa Izin Di Media Digital Melalui Platform Elamahamen.” Jurnal USM Law Review 8, no. 3 (2025): 1930–48. https://journals.usm.ac.id/index.php/julr/article/view/12305.
Purba, Andika Temanta, and Wessy Trisna. “Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Usaha Kosmetik Yang Memperdagangkan Produk Tidak Memenuhi Standar.” Locus Journal of Academic Literature Review 3, no. 1 (January 4, 2024): 8–13. https://doi.org/10.56128/ljoalr.v3i1.271.
Putra, Setia. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Dalam Transaksi Jual-Beli Melalui E-Commerce.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 5, no. 2 (August 13, 2015): 197. https://doi.org/10.30652/jih.v4i2.2794.
Putri, Felicia Ade, and Jeane Neltje Saly. “Tanggung Jawab Platform E-Commerce Dan Merchant Terhadap Konsumen Dari Peredaran Kosmetika Tanpa Izin Edar (Contoh Putusan Nomor 142/PID. SUS/2020/PN. JKT. BRT).” Jurnal Hukum Adigama 3, no. 2 (2020): 921–44. https://doi.org/10.24912/adigama.v3i2.10598.
Redian, Recha, and Bangun Patrianto. “Criminal Law Enforcement Against Illegal Cosmetic Products: A Normative Juridical Study.” YURIS: Journal of Court and Justice 5, no. 1 (2026): 31–49. https://doi.org/10.56943/jcj.v5i1.966.
Rizky, Muhammad, Fatih Muhammad Azizi, Mohamad Rizki Nasution, Alip Rahman, and Agus Dimyati. “Legal Liability Against Marketplace for Promotion of Inappropriate Goods That Harm Consumers.” International Journal of Social Service and Research 5, no. 5 (May 31, 2025): 478–84. https://doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v5i5.1226.
Saputra, Rivaldy Amanda. “Efektivitas BPOM Dalam Pengawasan Peredaran Produk Snack Reject Sebagai Upaya Perlindungan Konsumen Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis 6, no. 4 (2025): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v6i4.1226.
Satria Diah, Al, and Sidi Ahyar Wiraguna. “Tanggung Jawab Hukum Platform E-Commerce Atas Kebocoran Data Pribadi Dalam Perspektif UU No. 27 Tahun 2022.” Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Kebijakan Publik 2, no. 4 (May 16, 2025): 1089–96. https://doi.org/10.62379/3w415f14.
Setiawan, R. Pokok Pokok Hukum Perikatan. Bandung: Bina Cipta, 1987.
Siswati, Ari. “Pendampingan Pembelian Kosmetik Di Online Store Yang Aman Untuk Menghindari Kosmetik Palsu Dan Ilegal.” Jurnal Bakti Humaniora 4, no. 1 (June 24, 2024): 70–74. https://doi.org/10.35473/jbh.v4i1.3598.
Soemarwi, Vera Wheny Setijawati, and Yudith Ridzkia. “Perlindungan Hukum Konsumen Terhadap Peredaran Kosmetik Palsu Berdasarkan UU Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen Dan Peraturan BPOM Nomor 23 Tahun 2019.” JURNAL RECTUM: Tinjauan Yuridis Penanganan Tindak Pidana 5, no. 1 (February 17, 2023): 995. https://doi.org/10.46930/jurnalrectum.v5i1.2864.
Susanty, Ade Pratiwi. “Tanggung Jawab Pelaku Usaha Terhadap Konsumen Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen.” Andrew Law Journal 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2024): 48–53. https://doi.org/10.61876/alj.v3i2.36.
Syafiqoh, Firyal Arribah, and Amad Sudiro. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Dari Produk Kosmetik Yang Ilegal.” Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 8, no. 12 (January 4, 2024): 6679–89. https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v8i12.14757.
———. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Dari Produk Kosmetik Yang Ilegal.” Journal of Syntax Literate 8, no. 12 (2023): 6679. https://doi.org/10.36418/syntaxliterate.v8i12.
Syafitri, Isdiana, and Atika Sandra Dewi. “Analisis Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Atas Produk Skincare Ilegal.” Juripol 5, no. 2 (August 19, 2022): 124–33. https://doi.org/10.33395/juripol.v5i2.11697.
Winata, Melina Gabrila. “Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Korban Pengguna Produk Kosmetik Ilegal Berbahaya.” Sapientia Et Virtus 7, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 34–43. https://doi.org/10.37477/sev.v7i1.343.
Windani, Sri, and Ayu Widiana. “Implikasi Hukum Perlindungan Dalam Transaksi Keuangan Digital Dan Peninjauan Peraturan Perbankan.” Lex Lectio : Jurnal Kajian Hukum Volume 03, no. 02 (2024): 106–17. https://doi.org/10.61715/jll.v3i2.95.
Yuswar, Cheryl Patriana, Lesly Saviera, Rosmalinda, and Ningrum Natasya Sirait. “Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Platform E-Commerce Terhadap Penjualan Buku Bajakan (Studi Komparasi Indonesia Dan Malaysia).” JURNAL MERCATORIA 16, no. 1 (June 25, 2023): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.31289/mercatoria.v16i1.8515.
Zulham. Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen. Jakarta: Prenada Media, 2017.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2026 Carine Aurellia, Velliana Tanaya, Kentarou Kaneda
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors hold the copyright. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. How ever the author should affirming that the article is their original work should accompany the article via online submission form. Authors are permitted to share a Preprint of their article anywhere at any time. Link Declaration of originality (PDF)
